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FUND(HH%GDP)_Initial household funding on education (% GDP)

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Source(s)used: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. http://data.uis.unesco.org/. Extracted on 30/01/2019.
Note: As of August 2022, this indicator is no longer available on the UNESCO site.
Citation Guidelines:
All data are free for scientific use only. For any other use, please contact the data producer directly to obtain authorization. Please cite the database as follows:
Generations and Gender Programme (Year). Generations and Gender Contextual Database. Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (distributor).
Retrieved from: https://www.ggp-i.org/data/ggp-contextual-database/ on Day/Month/Year If the data downloaded from the GGP Contextual Database comes only from one source (e.g. Eurostat), you might cite it as follows:
Original Source [e.g. Eurostat, © European Union, 1995-2019] (Data obtained through the Generations and Gender Contextual Database. Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (distributor). Retrieved from: https://www.ggp-i.org/data/ggp-contextual-database/ on Day/Month/Year) Please also check the original source for further information on the use of the data and proper citation. Indicator (long name): Initial household funding on education (% GDP) Indicator (short name): FUND(HH%GDP) Definition: Total payments of households (pupils, students and their families) for educational institutions (such as for tuition fees, exam and registration fees, contribution to Parent-Teacher associations or other school funds, and fees for canteen, boarding and transport) and purchases outside of educational institutions (such as for uniforms, textbooks, teaching materials, or private classes). 'Initial funding' means that government transfers to households, such as scholarships and other financial aid for education, are substracted from what is spent by households. Note that in some countries for some education levels, the value of this indicator may be 0, since on average households may be receiving as much, or more, in financial aid from the government than what they are spending on education. Source of variable definition: UNESCO Institute for Statistics. http://data.uis.unesco.org/. Comment: Indicators for household expenditure on education should be interpreted with caution since data comes from household surveys which may not all follow the same definitions and concepts. In 2022 and 2023, the GGP Contextual Database was updated. However, this indicator was no longer available from UNESCO and a suitable alternative was not found. As a result, this indicator was not updated and the published data is that which was downloaded and published originally in 2019. Reference areas: Click here to download the list of reference areas and the respective geographical codes.